Demographics

Population structure and underlying changes with official data series.

This hub analyses how population changes over time and what implications that has for housing, employment and services.

These are not short-term headlines: they are long-term trends backed by verifiable data.

Published analyses

Median age, % aged 65+, birth rate, life expectancy and regional differences by autonomous community.

Evolution of total population and share of foreign-born residents over two decades.

Births, TFR (1.10, the lowest in Europe), mother's age and comparison with France, Germany and the EU.

Population growth and decline by autonomous community (2002-2025): Balearics +48%, Asturias -4.5%. The territorial dimension of demographics.

INE and Eurostat.