What does Spain depend on for energy?
The question is not only how much Spain consumes, but where that energy comes from. The key figure is external dependency.
In 2024, Spain registered an energy dependency of 68.9%.
That is a gap of 11.7 points above the EU-27 average (57.2%).
Total energy dependency in Spain (2024)
Source: Eurostat - nrg_ind_id
Long-term evolution
The series shows a structural trait: Spain has spent decades at high dependency levels, with peaks above 80% and brief corrections during periods of lower demand or higher renewable contribution.
Spain's energy dependency (1990-2024)
Source: Eurostat - nrg_ind_id
European comparison in 2024
Among major European economies, Spain remains at the high end of external energy dependency.
External energy dependency in 2024
Source: Eurostat - nrg_ind_id
Dependency by energy type
Crude oil and natural gas show especially high dependency levels. This profile explains why external exposure remains high even as more renewables enter the electricity mix.
Import dependency by source in Spain (2024)
Source: Eurostat - nrg_ind_id
What the data tells us
1 Spain maintains a high and persistent external energy dependency.
2 In 2024, Spain's level was clearly above the EU-27 average.
3 Oil and gas account for most of that external exposure.