How has Spain's energy system changed?
The energy transition is not a single curve. It is the combination of generation, external dependency and consumption patterns.
This piece brings those three layers together to read the system's evolution from a structural perspective.
In 2024, external energy dependency remained at 68.9%.
At the same time, transport concentrated the largest block of final consumption (42.7%), conditioning the system's transition.
Spain's external energy dependency (1990-2024)
Source: Eurostat - nrg_ind_id
Who concentrates final energy consumption in 2024
Source: Eurostat - nrg_bal_c
Milestones at a glance
| Indicator | Start | End | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Renovables en el mix electrico | 2007: 20.3% | 2024: 56.82% | +36.52 pp |
| Carbon en el mix electrico | 2007: 24.78% | 2024: 1.15% | -23.63 pp |
| Dependencia energetica exterior | 2008: 81.6% | 2024: 68.9% | -12.7 pp |
What the data tells us
1 The system has advanced in renewables, but its overall profile remains defined by high external dependency.
2 External dependency remains high (68.9%), maintaining exposure to international prices and risks.
3 Transport remains the main focus of final consumption (42.7%), conditioning the overall energy transition.