Where does Spain import energy from?
Energy dependency is not a single channel. It is split between fuels, gas and electricity connections.
In 2024, Spain had an external energy dependency of 68.9%.
Oil and gas account for the greatest exposure, with LNG as the main gas entry route.
Direct answer: where does the gas come from?
In 2024, gas entered Spain mainly via LNG (60.4%) and second via pipeline (39.6%).
This piece covers entry routes. Breakdown by supplier country requires another source.
| Route | TWh | % |
|---|---|---|
| GNL | 205.7 | 60.4 |
| Pipeline | 134.8 | 39.6 |
Spain's external energy dependency (1990-2024)
Source: Eurostat - nrg_ind_id
External dependency by source in 2024
Source: Eurostat - nrg_ind_id
How gas enters Spain (2024)
Source: Enagas - sistema gasista 2024
Import channels in a table
| Channel | Value | Reading |
|---|---|---|
| Oil (external dependency) | 100.4% | Structurally very high dependency |
| Natural gas (external dependency) | 97.4% | Structurally very high dependency |
| Gas entries via LNG | 60.4% | Main gas entry route |
| International electricity balance (2024) | -10.227TWh | Variable interconnection by year and market |
What the data tells us
1 Total dependency remains high (68.9%), above energy self-sufficiency.
2 Oil (100.4%) and gas (97.4%) concentrate external exposure.
3 For gas, LNG was the main entry route (60.4%), while electricity exchanges vary by year.